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Dyslexia
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Dyslexia is a learning disability, specifically a processing disorder, which can
affect reading, writing, spelling, math, listening, and focus. Often
misunderstood, dyslexia is not caused by simply reversing the order of
letters in reading or by a visual perception that causes a person to read
letters or words backwards or upside down. Dyslexia is a neurological or
brain-based condition.

People are often identified as dyslexic when their reading or writing
problems cannot be explained by a lack of intellectual ability, inadequate
instruction, or sensory problems such as poor eyesight.  Dyslexia can go
Dyslexia, however, is not a vision problem that would cause someone to be unable to see words on a
page.

A theory called Phonological Core Deficit says that Dyslexia is caused by difficulty in learning the
sounds that make up words. This may cause problems with correctly pronouncing words, learning to
speak and trouble discriminating between closely related sounds such as "p" and "d".

The Double Deficit Hypothesis proposes that the cause may be from problems in the ability to access
and manipulate speech sounds in words, with difficulty rapidly accessing and retrieving names for
visual symbols.

Still another idea is that dyslexia is a processing disorder, meaning the neuro pathways of the brain
are not working efficiently, and may be remediated by improving the neurological integration of the
brain.
  • Poor academic achievement
  • Speech and/or language problems
  • Auditory memory problems
  • School avoidance
  • Feels dumb, easily frustrated
  • Handwriting is difficult
  • Trouble tying shoes, telling time on a ‘dial’ clock
  • Good at building, art, drama, music, sports, puzzles
  • High intelligence but has trouble reading, writing, and spelling
  • May be identified as lazy, day dreamer, not trying hard enough, or having a
    behavior problem
  • Mixes left & right
  • Letter or number reversals
  • Emotional about reading
  • Has a relative with dyslexia
  • Trouble memorizing math facts
  • Low self esteem

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beyond the traditional visual symbol confusion idea. A person with a Dyslexic thinking style may have
auditory comprehension confusion and/or attention focus problems.

Causes of Dyslexia
There have been many attempts to identify what dyslexia is and what causes it, but there is still no
firm agreement in this area. Some of the labels that you may have heard of are visual-spatial thinking,
ocular-motor dysfunction, un-integrated reflexes, phonological, auditory processing, rapid naming,
and Double Deficit Hypothesis.
One theory is that dyslexics are visual-spatial thinkers, or picture
thinkers, and that their brain is wired to process information mainly
in pictures rather than in words.

Another school of belief is that the muscles of the eyes are unable to
synchronize and move in the right pattern when tracking words and
sentences. This may cause the brain to see words in a sentence out
of order, or letters, space, and punctuation in the wrong places.
Someone who has dyslexia may have a combination of these symptoms, but not
necessarily every one.

Individualized multi-sensory approaches allow people with dyslexia to use their
strengths to overcome their weaknesses. The majority of people with dyslexia
can learn to read, write and spell well if taught in this manner by a qualified specialist.

It is never too late to learn to read, but the best window of opportunity is during the early years.
Young students can catch up before they experience failure.
That is, dyslexia has biological traits that differentiate it from other learning disabilities.  However,
the specific definition of dyslexia varies somewhat across communities. Someone who has dyslexic
characteristics, which interfere with academics, work, or life skills, may also be labeled with
Dyscalculia, Dysgraphia, Dyspraxia, ADD or ADHD.

Reading difficulties in dyslexia can vary in their severity, however dyslexia may also affect how a
person understands what they have heard as well as their ability to hold eye contact, and organize.
The condition does not only exist in childhood, but can be a lifelong challenge unless steps are taken
to remediate it.

Symptoms of Dyslexia
Some major symptoms of Dyslexic Processing issues may include:
Dyslexia is widely accepted to be a specific learning disability
Program, activity, and symptom descriptions are for educational/informational purposes only. Any recommendations
given are not to be considered diagnosis, medical, or psychological prescriptions. Every parent needs to assume the
responsibility for their own child and make their own decisions as to the techniques and methodologies that will
best fit their child's needs.
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